ED overcrowding is a sign of mismatch between health system supply and patients' demands for prompt and convenient services. Despite a lack of increase in the number of emergency rooms during recent years, factors such as population growth, increased intentional or unintentional injuries along with drug abuse in previous decades have contributed to ED overcrowding. Studies show that WT for medical services and ED throughput time has a key role in patient outcome and satisfaction. The long WT and length of stay of patients in EDs are the result of inefficient workflow process in three stages: entering the ED, providing emergency care, and leaving the patient. The necessity for complex, multiple, prompt, high quality and efficient processes makes the ED of paramount importance.Īn inverse correlation exists between waiting time (WT) for medical care and patient outcome. Al-Zahra hospital has more than 100,000 patients admitted annually with near 1000 beds, of which over 100 beds are assigned for the ED. Throughout the country, with respect to the number of patients in need of diagnostic or treatment measures, ED is considered as the most complicated operational and clinical setting in modern hospitals. Emergency departments (EDs), due to their nature, are considered one of the most vital parts of a hospital, with its main role in providing emergency medical services. Comprehensive health care services are in fact provided mainly by hospitals in many countries. A hospital, with regard to its functional jurisdiction, could be considered the most important health care institution and even a medico-social organization.
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